From the empire's inception, the Seljuk rulers minted coins with the title šāhānšāh () in its Persian form, perhaps adopting it from the Buyids. The Seljuk Empire fractured after the death of Ahmad Sanjar in 1157 and its vassals became effectively independent. One of these vassals was the Anushtegin dynasty, which ruled the Khwarazm region. The ruling dynasty were descendants of Anushtegin Gharchai, a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans. In 1194, the Khwarazmian ruler Tekish conquered western Iran and Iraq from the remnants of the Seljuk Empire. The Khwarazmian rulers used the ancient title , traditionally held by Iranian rulers of Khwarazm. Urganj was the Khwarazmian capital.